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Musaqah

MUSAQAH
Oleh: Syaikh Abdul Azhim bin Badawi al-Khalafi
Al-Musaqah yaitu menyerahkan pohon tertentu (seperti kurma-pent.) kepada orang yang akan mengurusinya (dengan imbalan) ia mendapatkan bagian tertentu (pula) dari buahnya, seperti se-tengah atau sejenisnya.
Dari Ibnu ‘Umar Radhiyallahu ‘anhuma:
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَامَلَ أَهْلَ خَيْبَرَ عَلَى مَا يَخْرُجُ مِنْهَا مِنْ ثَمَرٍ أَوْ زَرْعٍ.
“Bahwa Rasulullah Shallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam menyuruh penduduk Khaibar untuk menggarap lahan di Khaibar dengan imbalan separuh dari tanaman atau buah-buahan hasil garapan lahan tersebut.” [1]
Dari Abu Hurairah Radhiyallahu a’nhu, ia berkata:
قَالَتِ َاْلأَنْصَارُ لِلنَّبِيِّ: صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ اقْسِمْ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَ إِخْوَانِنَا النَّخِيلَ قَالَ لاَ فَقَالُوا تَكْفُونَا الْمَئُونَةَ وَنَشْرَكْكُمْ فِي الثَّمَرَةِ قَالُوا: سَمِعْنَا وَأَطَعْنَا.
“Orang-orang Anshar berkata kepada Nabi Shallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam: bagilah pohon kurma antara kami dan sahabat-sahabat kami. Beliau menjawab, ‘Tidak.’ Maka mereka berkata, ‘Kalian yang merawatnya dan kami bagi buahnya bersama kalian.’ Maka, mereka menjawab, ‘Kami mendengar dan kami taat.’” [2]
IHYAA-UL MAWAAT (MENGGARAP TANAH YANG TIDAK ADA PEMILIKNYA)
Al-Mawaat -dengan difathah mim dan wau yang ringan- yaitu tanah yang belum dimakmurkan (dibangun). Pemakmurannya diserupakan dengan kehidupan dan menganggurkannya (diserupakan) dengan hilangnya kehidupan. Dan yang disebut dengan ihyaa-ul mawaat adalah seseorang pergi ke suatu tanah yang tidak diketahui ada seseorang yang telah memilikinya, kemudian ia menghidupkannya dengan menyiraminya, bertani, menanami dan membangunnya sehingga dengan demikian tanah tersebut menjadi miliknya. [3]
Dari ‘Aisyah Radhiyallahu anhuma dari Nabi Shallallahu alaihi wa sallam, beliau bersabda:
مَنْ أَعْمَرَ أَرْضًا لَيْسَتْ ِلأَحَدٍ فَهُوَ لَهُ.
“Barangsiapa yang memakmurkan tanah yang bukan milik siapa pun, maka tanah itu menjadi miliknya.” [4]
‘Urwah berkata, “Demikianlah yang diputuskan oleh ‘Umar pada masa khilafahnya.”
Dari Jabir Radhiyallahu ‘anhu, dari Nabi Shallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam, beliau bersabda:
مَنْ أَحْيَا أَرْضًا مَيْتَةً فَهِيَ لَهُ.
“Barangsiapa menghidupkan tanah yang mati, maka tanah tersebut menjadi haknya” [5]
Darinya juga, dari Nabi Shallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam, beliau bersabda:
مَنْ أَحَاطَ حَائِطًا عَلَى أَرْضٍ فَهِيَ لَهُ.
“Barangsiapa membangun tembok di atas suatu tanah (yang tidak ada pemiliknya), maka ia menjadi miliknya.” [6]
[Disalin dari kitab Al-Wajiiz fii Fiqhis Sunnah wal Kitaabil Aziiz, Penulis: Syaikh Abdul Azhim bin Badawai al-Khalafi, Edisi Indonesia Panduan Fiqih Lengkap, Penerjemah Team Tashfiyah LIPIA – Jakarta, Penerbit Pustaka Ibnu Katsir, Cetakan Pertama Ramadhan 1428 – September 2007M]
_______
Footnote
[1]. Muttafaq ‘alaih: Telah disebutkan takhrijnya.
[2]. Muttafaq ‘alaih: [Irwaa-ul Ghaliil (no. 1471)], Shahiih al-Bukhari (V/8, no. 2325)
[3]. Fat-hul Baari (V/18)
[4]. Shahih: [Shahiih al-Jaami’ish Shaghiir (no. 6057)], Shahiih al-Bukhari (V/18, no. 2335)
[5]. Shahih: [Shahiih al-Jaami’ish Shaghiir (no. 5975)], Sunan at-Tirmidzi (II/419, no. 1395)
[6]. Shahih: [Shahiih al-Jaami’ish Shaghiir (no. 5952)], Sunan Abi Dawud (VIII/330, no. 3061)


( Sumber: https://almanhaj.or.id/1642-musaqah-ihyaa-ul-mawaat.html )

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